{"id":3299,"date":"2019-06-12T10:18:19","date_gmt":"2019-06-12T14:18:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/?p=3299"},"modified":"2021-06-30T15:13:37","modified_gmt":"2021-06-30T19:13:37","slug":"series-vs-parallel-circuits","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/series-vs-parallel-circuits\/","title":{"rendered":"3 Circuits You Totally Need to Know About"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>With today\u2019s components, it is possible to make thousands upon thousands of useful circuits. These range from the very simple to very complex. But, did you know that there are only three basic types of circuits anyone can create? That\u2019s right, every schematic you\u2019ve ever seen, every circuit or project you or anyone else has ever built is one of three types of circuits (or a combination of them). <!--more-->First, we\u2019re going to talk about two of them: series vs parallel circuits. The we\u2019ll talk about the third.<\/p>\n<p>If you\u2019re new to electronics, this information is need-to-know info. If you\u2019re a veteran, you\u2019re likely familiar with the three types, but this may serve as a good review of the basics, so I implore you to read on.<\/p>\n<h1><strong>Series vs Parallel Circuits<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h1>\n<h2><strong>Series vs Parallel: Series Circuits<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>For our comparison of series vs parallel circuits, let\u2019s start by talking about the simplest circuit of all &#8212; the series circuit.<\/p>\n<p>Sneak a peek at figure 1. Here we have a series circuit with a battery, an LED and a resistor. You probably know that as long as the battery doesn\u2019t die the LED lights up.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3302 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schematic2-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"394\" height=\"277\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schematic2-1.jpg 394w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schematic2-1-150x105.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schematic2-1-300x211.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 394px) 100vw, 394px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Figure 1: a simple series circuit with an LED and a resistor<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The battery provides the voltage, or the electrical pressure. This pressure pushes current, which is simply moving electrons, through the wire, resistor, and LED causing it to light (for a more detailed explanation of voltage and what it is see <a href=\"http:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/what-is-voltage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Back to the Basics: What is Voltage?<\/a>). The resistor limits this flow of current. If we left it out of the circuit, the LED would burn bright for a little while and then burn out due to excess current.<\/p>\n<p>Which brings us to the first take away: just about any circuit usually needs some way to limit the amount of current or bad things can happen.<\/p>\n<p>As we\u2019ve seen, electronic components can be destroyed by excessive current. And since current flow generates heat, it can also be a fire hazard.<\/p>\n<p>Back to the subject at hand, we know that our LED circuit is a series circuit. But what does that mean? <strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In a series circuit, current only has one path to flow through.<\/p>\n<p>Take a peek at figure 2. If we remove the resistor (or it burns open), current ceases to flow because it is no longer a complete circuit. Note that the battery voltage still appears where the resistor was, but current cannot flow in an open circuit, so the LED does not light.<\/p>\n<p>If you\u2019re new to electronics, this may seem odd<strong>, <\/strong>but you can build something like this, grab your meter and measure the voltage from point 2 (at the top right of figure 2) to ground and see for yourself. The meter is going to show the battery voltage.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3303 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Open-Circuit.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"394\" height=\"277\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Open-Circuit.jpg 394w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Open-Circuit-150x105.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Open-Circuit-300x211.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 394px) 100vw, 394px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Figure 2: Looks just like figure 1, only I used MS Paint and my superb graphic design skills to remove the resistor.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When comparing series vs parallel circuits, it\u2019s important to remember that the same amount of current flows through the whole circuit in a series arrangement (assuming it\u2019s not an open circuit!).<\/p>\n<p>So, since the current only has one path to follow, the same current that flows through the resistor will flow through the LED in figure 1.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3304 \" src=\"http:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Series-Circuit-Current-Flow-300x214.jpg\" alt=\"Current flow in a series circuit\" width=\"393\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Series-Circuit-Current-Flow-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Series-Circuit-Current-Flow-600x429.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Series-Circuit-Current-Flow-150x107.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Series-Circuit-Current-Flow.jpg 631w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Figure 3: the same current <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>I flows through all the components in a series circuit. Here we\u2019re using conventional current flow by the way. For more explanation on conventional vs electron current flow see <\/em><\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/conventional-current-vs-electron-flow\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>Conventional Current vs. Electron Flow: Which is Correct?<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s the voltage across each component in a series circuit that is usually going to be different, unless we have a string of resistors with the same value. In fact, the sum of all the individual voltage drops equals the source voltage. This is known as <strong>Kirchhoff\u2019s Voltage<\/strong> <strong>Law<\/strong> <strong>or KVL<\/strong> for short. <strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Become the Maker you were born to be. Try <a href=\"https:\/\/learnarduinonow.com\">Arduino Academy<\/a> for FREE!<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-4238\" src=\"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FB_Cover2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"344\" height=\"131\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FB_Cover2.png 828w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FB_Cover2-300x114.png 300w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FB_Cover2-150x57.png 150w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FB_Cover2-768x292.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 344px) 100vw, 344px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>This may seem confusing if you\u2019re a new Maker, but fear not. Figure 4 can clear things up.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3305 \" src=\"http:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Multiple-Resistors-Series-300x198.jpg\" alt=\"Resistors in series\" width=\"379\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Multiple-Resistors-Series-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Multiple-Resistors-Series-600x395.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Multiple-Resistors-Series-150x99.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Multiple-Resistors-Series-768x506.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Multiple-Resistors-Series.jpg 779w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 379px) 100vw, 379px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Figure 4: multiple resistors in series. The voltage drop across each one will be different since their values are different.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Figure 4 shows a series circuit with four resistors of different values and a 12 V battery. Some voltage will drop or appear across each resistor. The larger the resistor, the larger the voltage drop across it. If the resistors were all the same value, the same voltage would drop across each one. But, since they\u2019re all different the voltage drops will be different. However, if we were to add up the voltage drops across each resistor, they would sum to 12 V, which is the battery voltage. This is KVL in a nutshell.<\/p>\n<p>See that wasn\u2019t so bad, was it?<\/p>\n<p>Like everything in life, series circuits have their weaknesses. One of them is that if one element &#8212; such as a resistor &#8212; breaks or maybe a wire gets loose, the circuit no longer works.<\/p>\n<p>Sometimes this is done purpose. A common example would be a fuse. Fuses are usually in series with the rest of the circuit. If the fuse opens (due to excessive current) the circuit dies, thus saving your house, car, or whatever from going up in flames. This is so important that I strongly suggest you include a fuse in series with every single project you build, even if it operates on 1.5 V batteries.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Series vs Parallel: Parallel Circuits<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>So, we now know that series circuits have a weakness. The solution to this is the parallel circuit.<\/p>\n<p>In a parallel circuit, the current has more than one path to follow. So, if one of the resistors in the simple parallel circuit from figure 5 blows open, current still flows through the other resistors. In fact, this is the reason the wiring in your house and all buildings is in parallel. If it weren\u2019t and a lightbulb burnt out, the rest of the bulbs on that circuit would go out. Anyone who\u2019s used cheap Christmas lights before is familiar with this debacle. <strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3306 \" src=\"http:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Parallel-Circuit-300x235.png\" alt=\"Parallel-Circuit\" width=\"366\" height=\"287\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Parallel-Circuit-300x235.png 300w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Parallel-Circuit-150x117.png 150w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Parallel-Circuit.png 512w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 366px) 100vw, 366px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Figure 5: a simple parallel circuit. If one or two resistors burn open current still flows through the circuit rendering it operational.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Another difference in a series circuit vs a parallel circuit is that in a parallel circuit, the voltage across all legs of the circuit is the same. It\u2019s the current that divides up and flows though the various elements in proportion to their value. The amount of current through each element depends on the resistance of the element. The higher the resistance, the less current flows through it. Figure 6 depicts this.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3307 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Current-in-Parallel-Circuit-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Series vs parallel circuit\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Current-in-Parallel-Circuit-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Current-in-Parallel-Circuit-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Current-in-Parallel-Circuit-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Current-in-Parallel-Circuit-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Current-in-Parallel-Circuit-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Current-in-Parallel-Circuit.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Figure 6: current and voltage in a parallel circuit.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>All individual branch currents sum up to the source current. This is one way to word <strong>Kirchhoff\u2019s current law<\/strong> <strong>or<\/strong> <strong>KCL<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>In other words, the total current is equal to <em>I1 + I2 + I3<\/em>. Since R1 in figure 6 has the least resistance, most of the current will flow through it with R3 having the second most and R2 the least current since it is the largest resistor.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Series vs Parallel Circuits: Combining Both<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Understanding the difference between series vs parallel circuits is essential knowledge for any electronics enthusiast.<\/p>\n<p>But, most of the circuits you\u2019ll face in real life are neither series nor parallel. They\u2019re a combination of both.<\/p>\n<p>Enter the series-parallel circuit.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Series-Parallel Circuits<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Most useful circuits you\u2019ll work with will be of this type. However, the same concepts we already discussed apply.<\/p>\n<p>Voltage stays the same in parts of the circuit that are parallel to each other and the same current flows through the parts that are in series.<\/p>\n<p>Figure 7 depicts a series-parallel circuit.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1645 \" src=\"http:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Series-Parallel-Circuit.png\" alt=\"series-parallel circuit\" width=\"334\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Series-Parallel-Circuit.png 308w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Series-Parallel-Circuit-150x79.png 150w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Series-Parallel-Circuit-300x159.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 334px) 100vw, 334px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Figure 7: a simple series-parallel circuit.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s do a quick qualitative analysis of the series-parallel circuit above.<\/p>\n<p>Since R1 and R2 are in parallel, we know the voltage across both will be the same. In fact, we can even combine R3 and R4 to make one \u201cpretend\u201d resistor (let\u2019s call it R3,4) since they are in series. More on combining resistors shortly. So now R1, R2, and R3,4 are in parallel and the voltage will be the same across all of them.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s uncombine R3 and R4 again. Since they\u2019re in series, we know that they will both carry the same current regardless of their values. However, the total current will split between R1, R2, and the series combination of R3 and R4. Piece of cake.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Series vs Parallel Circuits: Combining Circuit Elements<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Now that we know the basic rules of how voltage and current behave in series and parallel circuits, it may be helpful to know how circuit elements such as resistors add up and combine. Again, many of you probably know this and if so, I implore you read on for a review. But there may be some newbies reading this, so I\u2019m going to quickly go over combining circuit elements in series and parallel circuits.<\/p>\n<p>If you study electronics in any formal way, you\u2019ll learn about three basic circuit elements: resistors, capacitors, and inductors. This is because all circuit elements including more exotic ones like diodes, transistors, and crystals exhibit some combination of resistance, capacitance, and inductance. So, it\u2019s these three basic elements that are often used to model the more exotic ones.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Combining Resistors<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Let\u2019s start with resistors.<\/p>\n<p>Resistors in series simply add up. For example, the total resistance in the circuit in figure 8 is:<\/p>\n<p>R<sub>total <\/sub>= R1 + R2 + R3 + R4<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1641 \" src=\"http:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Series-Connected-Resistors.png\" alt=\"series connected resistors\" width=\"336\" height=\"179\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Series-Connected-Resistors.png 308w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Series-Connected-Resistors-150x80.png 150w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Series-Connected-Resistors-300x160.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 336px) 100vw, 336px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Figure 8: series resistors.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The total resistance in a parallel circuit is <strong><em>always<\/em><\/strong> lower than the lowest-value resistor. So, if R1 were the smallest resistor in the circuit in figure 9, the total resistance would be less than R1.<\/p>\n<p>To get the total resistance in a parallel circuit, we add up the reciprocal of all the resistances and then take the reciprocal of this sum.<\/p>\n<p>For example, the total resistance of the circuit in figure 9 is:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1643 \" src=\"http:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Formula-Parallel-Resistors.jpg\" alt=\"Formula-Parallel-Resistors\" width=\"205\" height=\"88\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3306 \" src=\"http:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Parallel-Circuit.png\" alt=\"Parallel-Circuit\" width=\"404\" height=\"317\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Parallel-Circuit.png 512w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Parallel-Circuit-150x117.png 150w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Parallel-Circuit-300x235.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Figure 9: looks just like figure 5, but I\u2019m showing it here again to save you from excessive scrolling.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>And that\u2019s really all there is combining resistors in series and parallel circuits.<\/p>\n<p>But what about capacitors and inductors?<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Combining Capacitors and Inductors<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Inductors in series add up just like resistors do. You simply sum them up.<\/p>\n<p>However, parallel inductors add just like parallel resistors. Have a look at figure 10.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3308 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Inductors-in-Parallel.jpg\" alt=\"Parallel inductors\" width=\"341\" height=\"193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Inductors-in-Parallel.jpg 341w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Inductors-in-Parallel-150x85.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Inductors-in-Parallel-300x170.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 341px) 100vw, 341px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Figure 10: inductors in parallel.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>First, like resistors in parallel, the voltage across all inductors will be the same. It\u2019s the current that splits.<\/p>\n<p>Next, to add them up, we use the same (ok, similar) formula for parallel resistors, as we can see below.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3320 \" src=\"http:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Parallel-Inductor-Formula.jpg\" alt=\"Parallel-Inductor-Formula\" width=\"200\" height=\"87\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s tackle capacitors now.<\/p>\n<p>Capacitors in series add up like resistors in parallel.<\/p>\n<p>So, if we have 3 caps in series and want the total capacitance, all we need to do is use the formula above and replace the <em>L\u2019<\/em>s with <em>C<\/em>\u2019s.<\/p>\n<p>Capacitors in parallel combine like resistors and inductors in series, they simply sum up.<\/p>\n<p>C<sub>total <\/sub>= C1 + C2 + C3 \u2026 +\u2026 Cn<\/p>\n<p>This may be surprising to those who are new to electronics, but there\u2019s a good, logical reason for it. Have a look at figure 11.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3309 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Capacitors-in-Parallel.gif\" alt=\"Capacitors-in-Parallel\" width=\"371\" height=\"150\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Figure 11: capacitors in parallel.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The amount of capacitance a capacitor sports depends partly on the size of its plates. Wiring caps in parallel effectively increases the size of plates of the single equivalent capacitor it produces. Hence, the total value of capacitors in parallel is greater than any individual capacitor and they simply add up.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Series vs Parallel Circuits Wrap Up<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Knowing the difference between series vs parallel circuits and how they behave is the first step in becoming competent in circuit analysis.<\/p>\n<p>There\u2019s not enough space to go into other detail concerning circuit analysis here, but the good news is there are two other posts that do cover circuit analysis.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/circuit-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Simple Circuit Analysis Techniques You Should Know<\/a> covers some very basic stuff like Ohm\u2019s Law and Kirchhoff\u2019s Laws in addition to going over some of the stuff from this post. There are also a few practice problems.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/ninja-circuit-analysis-tricks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">3 Ninja Circuit Analysis Tricks<\/a> discusses shortcuts for combining resistors (ones we didn\u2019t cover here), voltage division, current division, and superposition. The last one is a bit more advanced but useful. You\u2019ll also find a few more practice problems.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, leave us a comment and tell us how long you\u2019ve been dabbling in electronics. Are you a noob? A veteran? Something in between? I\u2019d love to know!<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Become the Maker you were born to be. Try <a href=\"https:\/\/learnarduinonow.com\">Arduino Academy<\/a> for FREE!<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4238\" src=\"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FB_Cover2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"828\" height=\"315\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FB_Cover2.png 828w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FB_Cover2-300x114.png 300w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FB_Cover2-150x57.png 150w, https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FB_Cover2-768x292.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 828px) 100vw, 828px\" \/><\/p>\n<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drpeterscode.com\/index.php\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/dpabottomofpostpage\/apixel1x1.jpg\" ><\/a><table><\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With today\u2019s components, it is possible to make thousands upon thousands of useful circuits. These range from the very simple to very complex. But, did you know that there are only three basic types of circuits anyone can create? That\u2019s right, every schematic you\u2019ve ever seen, every circuit or project you or anyone else has [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3311,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,67],"tags":[108],"class_list":{"0":"post-3299","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-electronics","8":"category-theory","9":"tag-circuit-analysis","10":"entry"},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Series-vs-Parallel-Circuits.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3299","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3299"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3299\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4268,"href":"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3299\/revisions\/4268"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3311"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3299"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3299"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circuitcrush.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3299"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}